The first part of this paper briefly explains basic terms of programming languages in general and writes some general things about Python, then performs a syntactic analysis of the Python programming language and describes the basic elements and concepts of this programming language. The second part of this paper is case study implementation, which contains an example of working with files, opening a file and reading data from it, then placing the read data in program collections and subsequent data manipulation and access. This case study was implemented in programming languages Python and JAVA, both implementations are analyzed and compared with each other.