Electric Vehicle Supply Chains

Abstract

The development of electric vehicles represents a key step in the global transition toward sustainable transportation and the reduction of harmful gas emissions. However, the efficiency and sustainability of their production largely depend on complex and globally distributed supply chains. The supply chains of electric vehicles encompass, from suppliers of raw materials for batteries (such as lithium and cobalt), to component and software manufacturers, and finally to end producers and distributors. This paper analyzes the structure and main challenges of electric vehicle supply chains, focusing on sustainability, digitalization, and innovations within the field of the circular economy. It also discusses strategies adopted by manufacturers and governments to reduce dependence on critical materials and to enhance the resilience of supply chains to global disruptions.